TECHNOLOGY SEMINAR

MATRIX CONSTRUCTION AND

 INTERPRETATION

Flanders classified total verbal behavior into 10 categories. Verbal behavior comprises teacher talk, student talk & silence or confusion.

The ten categories are mentioned as under:

 1)     Teacher talk                            - 7 Categories

 2)     Pupil talk                               - 2 Categories

 3)     Silence or Confusion                  - 1 Category

 

                                                                    TEACHER'S TALK

A)    Indirect Talk  Category                   B) Direct Talk Category

              1. Accepts Feelings                             5. Lectures

              2. Praise or Encouragement                   6. Giving Directions

           3. Accepts or Uses ideas of pupils             7. Criticizing or Justifying Authority

              4. Asking Questions

 

                                                                          PUPIL TALK

              Category 8. Pupil Talk Response                Category 9. Pupil Talk Initation

PROCEDURE OF OBSERVATION / ECODING PROCEDURE

v  The observer sits in the classroom in the best position to hear and see the participations.

v  At the end of every three seconds he decides which category best represents the communication events just completed. Thus the time involves in coding one tally for every 3 seconds, is 20 tallies in one minute, 100 tallies in 5 min &  1200 tallies in one hour. 

v  In this process only the serial number of the categories is recorded.

v  The serial number of that category is recorded on the data sheet by the observer.

v  When the observation is over, the observer shifts to some other room and prepares the details on the basis of those serial numbers of the categories.

v  In this observation process, the writing of serial numbers of the categories is known as ENCODING.

v  Writing details of behavior on the basis of these categories.

RULES FOR OBSERVATION / RULES FOR RECORDING OR DECODING

Flanders category method has many rules for observation is not possible. The observer must remember these rules. These rules help in maintain consistency and making observation uniform. These rules are as follows:

Rule 1: If more than one type of category occurs during a 3 second period, the observer should choose the category that is numerically further from category 5 (but not in category 10). Suppose the observer is in doubt whether the category is 2 or 3, he should write 2 categories.

Rule 2: The observer should not involve his personal viewpoint.

Rule 3: If more than one category is active in a span of 3 seconds, and then all the categories should be recorded. If after 3 seconds, no category changes, then the same serial number should be repeated in the next 3 seconds.

Rule 4: If the time period of silence exceeds 3 seconds, it should be recorded under the category no. 10.

Rule 5: When teacher calls a child by name, the observer is supposed to record a 4^th category.

Rule 6: When the teacher repeats the student’s answer and the answer is correct, that is recorded as a category no. 2. This tells the students that he has the right answer and therefore functions as praise or encouragement.

Rule 7: When a teacher listens to a pupil and accepts his ideas for a discussion, then this behavior belongs to category no. 3.

Rule 8: The words “All is OK “, “Yes”, “Yeh”,”Hum”, “Alright” etc belong to the category no. 2 (Encouragement).

Rule 9: If a teacher jokes without aiming at any pupil, this behavior belongs to the category no. 2. But if he makes any joke aiming at some particular pupil, then it belongs to the category no.7.

Rule 10: When all the pupils respond to a very small question collectively, then the serial number of category 8 is recorded.

CONSTRUCTING INTERACTION MATRIX

v  After encoding or observation procedure of interaction, the coded behaviors are written in 10 x 10 table. This 10 (rows) x 10 (columns) table is known as Matrix.

v  The category numbers of the record sheet the tabulated in the matrix table. Each number is entered in the form of sequence pairs, being used twice, first as the first numbers and second as the second numbers.

v  The row of the matrix represents the first number and the columns the second number.

v  For example an observation recorded is 6, 10, 7, 5, 1, 4, 8, 4.

v  Hence the beginning and end of the coding should have the same number of the categories.

v  It is the tradition of adding number 10 in the beginning and at the end. Hence the above number will be written in this way 10, 6, 10, 7, 5, 1, 4, 8, 4, 10.

                               

v  Sequence of the pair (10, 6), (6, 10), (10, 7), (7, 5), (5, 1), (1, 4), (4, 8), (8, 4), (4, 10).

v  While preparing matrices, one pair is marked at a time.

v  The matrices have rows and columns.

v  The first number of the pair represents row and second no. of pair represents column.

v  Every pair overlap the other pair. Total tallies of the matrices (n)

v  In the matrics (n-1) i.e. one less no. is marked. In the above eg, n=10 (n-1) i.e. 9 no. will be marked.

v  Each matrix has 100 cells.

INTERACTION MATRIX TABLE

INTERPRETATION OF INTRACTION MATRIX

1)            Teacher Talk Ratio/ Percentage of Teacher Talk (TT)

             The tallies of first seven categories are added and divided by the total tallies of the matrics (n) and hence the percentage can be calculated.

        2)    Indirect Teacher Talk Ratio (ITT)

v  It indicates teacher actions in encouraging and supporting pupil’s participation.

v  Its Percentage can be calculated by adding the tallies of the first four categories and dividing by the total tallies of the matrix (n)

        3)    Direct Teacher Talk Ratio (DTT)

v  It indicates teacher actions restricting student participation

v  In this ratio, the tallies of 5^th, 6^th and 7^th categories are added and divided by “n” to calculate the percentage

        4)     Pupil’s Talk Ratio/ Percentage of Pupil Talk (PT)

v  It indicates verbal activities of pupils in response to the teacher.

v  In this ratio, the tallies of 8^th and 9^th categories are added and divided by ‘n’ to calculate the percentage.

5)              Silence or confusion Ratio (sc)

                       

6)              Indirect and Direct Ratio (I/D)